Design and Implementation of a Self-powered Smart Water Meter

Smart cities require interactive management of water supply networks and water meters play an important role in such a task. As compared to fully mechanical water meters, electromechanical water meters or fully electronic water meters can collect real-time information through automatic meter reading (AMR), which makes them more suitable for smart cities applications. In this paper, we first study the design principles of existing water meters, and then present our design and implementation of a self-powered smart water meter. The proposed water meter is based on a water turbine generator, which serves for two purposes: (i) to sense the water flow through adaptive signal processing performed on the generated voltage; and (ii) to produce electricity to charge batteries for the smart meter to function properly. In particular, we present the design considerations and implementation details. The wireless transceiver is integrated in the proposed water meter so that it can provide real-time water flow information. In addition, a mobile phone application is designed to provide a user with a convenient tool for water usage monitoring

Building Efficient Multi-level Wireless Sensor Networks With Cluster-based Routing Protocol

In resource constrained sensor networks, usage of efficient routing protocols can have significant impact on energy dissipation. To save energy, we propose an energy efficient routing protocol. In our approach, which integrates clustering and routing in sensor networks, we perform network coding during data routing in order to achieve additional power savings in the cluster head nodes. Efficacy of the proposed method in terms of the throughput and end-to-end delay is demonstrated through simulation results. Significant network lifetime is also achieved as compared with other techniques

An Energy-efficient Region-based RPL Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks

Routing plays an important role in the overall architecture of the Internet of Things. IETF has standardized the RPL routing protocol to provide the interoperability for low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). LLNs cover a wide scope of applications, such as building automation, industrial control, healthcare, and so on. LLNs applications require reliable and energy-efficient routing support. Point-To-point (P2P) communication is a fundamental requirement of many LLNs applications. However, traditional routing protocols usually propagate throughout the whole network to discover a reliable P2P route, which requires large amount energy consumption. Again, it is challenging to achieve both reliability and energy-efficiency simultaneously, especially for LLNs. In this paper, we propose a novel energy-efficient region-based routing protocol (ER-RPL), which achieves energy-efficient data delivery without compromising reliability. In contrast of traditional routing protocols where all nodes are required for route discovery, the proposed scheme only requires a subset of nodes to do the job, which is the key of energy saving. Our theoretical analysis and extensive simulation studies demonstrate that ER-RPL has a great performance superiority over two conventional benchmark protocols, i.e., RPL and P2P-RPL

Store-carry-cooperative Forward Routing With Information Epidemics Control for Data Delivery in Opportunistic Networks

Data delivery in opportunistic networks requires robustness and resiliency due to the mobility and probabilistic propagation channels caused by fading. Besides the 100% data delivery, delivery with minimum delay, overhead, buffer consumption, and controlling unnecessary transmissions/replications are equally important. In this paper, we propose a data delivery solution for opportunistic networks. The solution comprises two main algorithms: store-carry-cooperative forward routing and information epidemic control. In the data forwarding, nodes proactively monitor and exploit the direct/two-hop cooperative forwarding opportunities and adaptively switch between the cooperative forwarding and reactive store-carry-forward routing. An information epidemics control algorithm, which provides earlier control signal distribution time and faster recovery rate, is also proposed. The susceptible-infected-recovered model is used to study the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism. Extensive network performance evaluation is conducted under a wide range of scenarios, which include fading environments, obstacle-constrained environments, and mobile social network environments. We show that: 1) the information epidemics control mechanism provides higher vaccination rate and recovery rate; 2) proactive replication incurs a number of unnecessary transmissions; 3) monitoring the vicinity and exploiting the opportunity shorten the data delivery delay; and 4) with the integrated solution, a robust data delivery is achieved and a substantial amount of unnecessary transmissions are well deterred

A survey of inter-flow network coding in wireless mesh networks with unicast traffic

2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Publication in refereed journalAccepted ManuscriptRGCOthersDefence Research and Technology Office, SingaporePublishe

Channel allocation method for multi-radio wireless mesh networks based on a genetic algorithm

International Multiconference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2016, IMECS 2016, 16 - 18 March 2016Best Student Paper Award of The 2016 IAENG International Conference on Communication Systems and Applications2015-2016 > Academic research: refereed > Refereed conference paperVersion of RecordPublishe

Virtual overhearing: an effective way to increase network coding opportunities in wireless ad-hoc networks

Overhearing is of great importance to wireless network coding in that it can be exploited to obtain the side information needed for packet decoding. Recently, a new technique called virtual overhearing (VOH) was proposed to allow a node to obtain the packet sent by another node that is multiple hops away for free. This can overcome the limitation of overhearing and be used to discover more coding opportunities. In this paper, we take advantage of VOH and propose two modes of exploiting VOH to increase coding opportunities in wireless ad-hoc networks. First, we make use of VOH to increase the chance of finding a route with coding opportunities for a new incoming flow. Second, and more importantly, we make use of VOH to create coding opportunities between two established flows which are currently unmixable. Note that most previous studies only attempt to find coding opportunities rather than create them. Based on these two modes of VOH usage, we design two routing protocols: distributed coding-aware routing with virtual overhearing (DCAR-VOH), and its enhanced version DCAR-VOH+. DCAR-VOH implements only the first mode of usage, whereas DCAR-VOH+ incorporates both modes of usage. Our extensive simulations indicate that VOH provides an effective way to discover coding opportunities, resulting in improved network performance. The positive effect of the second mode of usage stands out especially

A survey of indoor positioning systems based on a six-layer model

202311 bcchNot applicableRGCPublished24 monthsGreen (AAM

Fuzzy logic-based resource allocation algorithm for V2X communications in 5G cellular networks

202208 bcchAuthor’s OriginalOthersPolyU (ZVQ5)Publishe